Croatia - Italy - Montenegro: Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar

This property consists of 15 components of defence works in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro, spanning more than 1,000 kilometres between the Lombard region of Italy and the eastern Adriatic Coast. The fortifications throughout the Stato da Terraprotected the Republic of Venice from other European powers to the northwest and those of the Stato da Mar protected the sea routes and ports in the Adriatic Sea to the Levant. They were necessary to support the expansion and authority of the Serenissima. The introduction of gunpowder led to significant shifts in military techniques and architecture that are reflected in the design of so-called alla modernaI bastioned, fortifications, which were to spread throughout Europe.

Source: UNESCO World Heritage


There are six components - Croatia - Zadar,; Croatia - Fort of St. Nikola; Italy - Palmanova; Italy - Pieschera; Italy - Bergamo; Montenegro - Kotor.

Missing postcard:  Croatia Fort of St. Nikola, Šibenik-Knin County. If you can help me, please contact me. Thank you. 

Postcard 1 - CROATIA - Zadar

Church of Saint Donat from 9th Century, Zadar, Croatia. Thanks to Antonella of Croatia.

Postcard 2 - ITALY - Palmanova

Aerial View of fortress town of Palmanova. Thanks to Christina of Italy.

Postcard 3 - ITALY - Peschiera

Aerial view of Peschiera, Italy. Thanks to Kerstin of Italy.

Postcard 4 - ITALY - Bergamo

Upper Town of Bergamo. Thanks to Jean-Pierre of France for mailing from Bergamo in August 2016.

Postcard 5 - MONTENEGRO - Kotor

Kotor is a twenty centuries old and itself a UNESCO World Heritage city. Nice stamps of Crna Gora - Montenegro used. Thanks to Michael of South Africa.

Montenegro - Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor

"In the Middle Ages, this natural harbour on the Adriatic coast in Montenegro was an important artistic and commercial centre with its own famous schools of masonry and iconography. A large number of the monuments (including four Romanesque churches and the town walls) were seriously damaged by the 1979 earthquake but the town has been restored, largely with UNESCO’s help." 

Source: UNESCO World Heritage

Postcard 1
Kotor. Postmarked October 17, 2011 and arrived in Penang on October 29, 2011. Thanks to Ruth of USA.

Postcard 2

Kotor of Montenegro. Postmarked October 7, 2011 and arrived in Penang on October 21, 2011. Thanks to Luk of Belgium who was visiting Montenegro.

Postcard 3

Kotor is a twenty centuries old and is a UNESCO World Heritage city. Nice stamps of Crna Gora - Montenegro used. Thanks to Michael of South Africa.

Postcard 4

Nice postcard of Kotor, Crna Gora - Montenegro. Postmarked at Niksic on Jan 4, 2010 and arrived in Penang on Jan 19, 2010. Thanks to Milica of Montenegro.

Montenegro - Durmitor National Park

"This breathtaking national park was formed by glaciers and is traversed by rivers and underground streams. Along the Tara river canyon, which has the deepest gorges in Europe, the dense pine forests are interspersed with clear lakes and harbour a wide range of endemic flora." 

Source: UNESCO World Heritage

Nice aerial view Lake Crno on Mt. Durmitor of Durmitor National Park. Nice stamps. Thanks to Rajko of Montenegro.